Research Paper Helper Sites

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Topics For a Social Justice Research Paper

Topics For a Social Justice Research PaperMany of us are drawn to research topics for a social justice research paper because it brings a very interesting topic to our students, or it can be a controversial topic that can make our institution stand out among others. However, it is important to remember that these topics should not be 'real' topics that students can relate to. Instead, they should be topics that the students are already curious about and have an interest in.First of all, be sure to explain the reason why you are conducting this research papers in the first place. Then, choose a topic based on what your students have asked for, or from what your research assistant has suggested. Then you will need to set up a plan for the topic that you need to conduct.If you do not have a clear idea of the content that you are going to cover, choose a topic that is related to 'topic for a social justice research paper' project or a question that you have found on the Internet. This wi ll help you focus your efforts in writing up the paper.To focus your topics for a social justice research paper, the first thing that you should do is to brainstorm the main idea of the paper. For example, if your student asked for 'why are young men and women less likely to get good jobs?'A main idea for a social justice research paper would be, 'Why are women and men often placed in lower paying, less desirable jobs, especially in a fast paced environment?' For instance, if the student asked, 'Why are there so many men in prison when there are so many opportunities for women to work and build a better life?'Some students will have more ideas than others, but the main idea must be covered in the research paper. Once you have the main idea of the paper, go through each paragraph and research the main ideas within each paragraph.For more information on topics for a social justice research paper, visit the topics for a social justice research paper section of the university library. T here are books and other resources available for you to help you write the paper and prepare for your next social justice research paper. Now that you know some basics on topics for a social justice research paper, you are ready to start writing.

What You Need to Do About Xat Essay Topics List Starting in the Next 5 Minutes

What You Need to Do About Xat Essay Topics List Starting in the Next 5 Minutes The main aim of topic choice for a proposal essay is to show the idea can be put into place in practice. It's possible to also restate the ideas you've discussed in the body paragraphs in order to make your point valid. There are many steps which you should take as a way to write a superb essay. Without switching points, narrative essays run the danger of drifting the true feeling on the comprehensive course concerning the text. Contribute your suggestions and people are sure to read! Writing about nuclear weapons is always an excellent idea. In the majority of instances, you want to produce a topic which will enable other people to understand your viewpoint, and telling them to think that what you write is true. What to Expect From Xat Essay Topics List? Nobody really wishes to compose an essay. You're likely to receive your persuasive essay punctually no issue exactly exactly what. 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The Ethical Dilemma Of Voluntary Euthanasia - 1125 Words

Many of us will never have to consider the serious ethical dilemma of voluntary euthanasia. Is euthanasia murder or a justifiable suicide? Our approach and opinions to this sensitive ethical dilemma is sharply contrasted based in our convictions and ethics derived from our own personal worldview. I will evaluate and examine euthanasia’s ethical dilemma according to my Christian worldview and compare the moral rules, right or wrong, that many believe, allowing man to suffer is immoral. Ethical Dilemma Joni is a young adult who is suffering from an accident that left her a quadriplegic; paralyzed from her shoulders down. Joni is seriously depressed and contemplating ending her life. She is in fear and does not want to endure a life of suffering and hardship. In that Joni is worried about her family and feels she will be a burden on them. She wants to be euthanized to end her suffering There is an ethical dilemma granting Joni her wishes. I could forgo my Christian beliefs and find justification in assisting Joni with euthanasia. According to Humphry in his article, â€Å"Many Christians who believe in euthanasia justify it by reasoning that the God who they worship is loving and tolerant, would not wish to see them in agony† (Humphry, 2000, p. 5). To resolve this dilemma, I could choose to do one of the following: †¢ I could grant Joni her wish, assisted euthanasia, and accept Humphry’s view maintaining that decisions regarding death are highly personal and that euthanasia shouldShow MoreRelatedThe People : Ethics And Social Responsibility Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pages WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT 7 OGBE MOSES E VOLUNTARY EUTHANASIA For this week Unit 7 written assignment, I choose to talk about Voluntary euthanasia. A brief history and ethical and unethical dilemma of this topic will also be looked into in this assignment. 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Voluntary euthanasia is controversial simply because it may be considered murder andRead MoreAnalysis of an Ethical Dilemma Essay1232 Words   |  5 Pages Analysis of an Ethical Dilemma (Part1) Voluntary/ Assisted Euthanasia By Feba Erattakulangara, Jacinda Koski, Nne Uyoh, Olga Gray Grand Canyon University Ethical Decision Making in Health Care NRS 437V February 24, 2013 Analysis of an Ethical Dilemma (Part1) Voluntary/ Assisted Euthanasia Amongst the multitude of ethical dilemmas in health care the debate about voluntary or assisted euthanasia presents to be theRead MoreAssisted Suicide : A Controversial Subject1224 Words   |  5 Pagessubject that welcomes death over life and presents many ethical dilemmas. We are frequently confronted with situations that raise ethical and moral questioning in our lifetimes. Traumatic events, as witnessed in the cases of Terri Schiavo, Brittany Maynard and Dax Cowart, often leave an impression on one s mortality and fate. Decisions may leave us questioning our moral, ethical, and spiritual beliefs. This report will address the ethical implications providing the pro’s and con’s, As well as principlesRead MoreVoluntary/Assisted Euthanasia Essay1200 Words   |  5 PagesVoluntary/Assisted Euthanasia Grand Canyon University Ethical Decision Making in Health Care Voluntary/Assisted Euthanasia (Thesis, Description of the topic and related ethical implications, Obligations to your profession and work as a nurse) Debra Burden The purpose of this paper is to define the issue and legalities of assisted death and the key ethical arguments, including the social values and norms, encompassing this topic. Also included in this paper on voluntary/assisted suicideRead MoreEuthanasia Is Not A Wrong Thing1195 Words   |  5 Pagesdetermine whether our decisions are right or wrong. Euthanasia is one such act that is a cause of global moral dilemma. It is an act of painlessly putting a person suffering from an incurable disease which is severely painful, to an end. What I personally feel about this act is this that euthanasia is not a wrong thing to act upon. If a person is terminally sick and has no chances of survival, he/she may be relieved of the prolonged pain through euthanasia. I see no wrong doing in this act at all. PeopleRead MoreI Murdered my Mother685 Words   |  3 PagesThereby, euthanasia could be an option, with certain restrictions to get relieve from the endless sufferings. According to (Verhagen Sauer, 2005) Euthanasia is defined as a deliberate act undertaken by one person with the intention of ending the life of another person, intended to relieve that other persons suffering, where that act is the cause of death. The process of intentionally shortening life of an individual who is suffering from incurable disease has given rise to an ethical dilemma and hasRead MoreEuthanasi The Controversial Issue Of Euthanasia1650 Words   |  7 PagesAdelaide students think about legalising voluntary euthanasia in Australia? Introduction The purpose of this research is to seeking and analysing the opinions about legalising voluntary euthanasia within Adelaide students (aged 18-25 years old). With recent changes to legalisation of child euthanasia in Belgium, the controversial issue of euthanasia is currently being re-spotlighted all over the world. Ongoing active discussion on the legalisation of euthanasia mainly debates individual’s choices inRead MoreThe Dilemma Of Euthanasi Whose Life Is It?1165 Words   |  5 PagesThe Dilemma of Euthanasia The Dilemma of Euthanasia: Whose Life Is It? Andrea R Burroughs Ethics for the Health Care Professionals Dr. Ferhat Zengul November 8, 2014 Abstract The practice of euthanasia is one of the most debatable topics in many countries today. It’s been a pertinent issue in human rights because it affects both legal and ethical issues. This paper will include an overview and clarification of the euthanasia issue. It will also include legal and ethical debates thatRead MoreEssay about End of Life Decisions719 Words   |  3 PagesWith anything that is done in the medical field there will be ethical issues that surround it. Since we are only on this earth for so long then death becomes one of those issues that we must face. With the new advancements in technology death can become complicated. Also since we have other issues such as euthanasia involved things will only get even more complicated. Euthanasia, definition of death, living will decisions, and ethical issues surrounding these subjects will be discussed. End of Life

Effective Leadership Promotes Perioperative

Question: Discuss about the Effective Leadership Promotes Perioperative. Answer: Introduction: The startup opportunity which I am planning to take is the skill trade, the start-up opportunity is a website called Skill Trader. Skill Trader will be an established website which will utilize the skill set of individuals in exchange for work people require. For example, someone might want their laundry done for a week because their washing is broken in exchange for a week of home cooked meals. The adaption of this model increases the output of the enterprise as compared with that of other competitors in the market places There are multiple reasons behind choosing this as a business Firstly, the root of this approach lies in our history. Everyone has studied history and thus might remember the barter system in which people used to exchange goods for getting a service. It was the period when not everyone had money. Today people have money but their expenses have increased equally (Fabozzi, 2011). Secondly, in this era of globalization where there is so much competition human beings who have average trade skills are unable to make their both ends meet (Hox, 2010). Thirdly, there are big industries available for providing a small service. For example, a job, once something so simple has become a tedious task. Consider how many recruitment agencies one must go through before getting a job, how many checks must be completed before gaining employment (Kendrick, 2010). Fourthly, the major problem for starting up a venture is finding a suitable location. There is no need for operational site. A small room is enough for back-end work (Psaltopoulos, Stathopoulou and Skuras, 2005). Keeping all these problems in mind, a solution which comes to mind will be creating the website that will be purely based on the barter system. Using this website, if you want to get your car repaired without giving money then you give the service of building a website if you are a web designer (Choudhry, 2010). How the website will generate income Although a proper plan will be required for executing this business effectively. A strategy will also be required to safeguard overextending the services in return as an exchange (Davis, 2013). Moreover, if a person will always be involved in skill trade, earning income will not be something they will have success with, therefore one should keep in mind the following: How much should one barter? Only skill trade those things which you feel are parallel to amount needs to be paid. The rule of thumb will be to see the limit of products purchased or service taken. For instance: If the car repair would have cost you $ 100 then see in return that how much a maid charges for one-week household work. If it is equal then go for it else says "no. The service you are getting is essential for running your business? Is the potential trade partner trust worthy? One should enter agreements with only those business owners whom you trust or already have business relationships. One shouldn't trust people whom you just met for skill trade. Unfortunately, there is no guarantee when letting strangers into your home or place of business (Desbordes, 2013). Enter only with those trade partners who have already fulfilled previous agreements. If the skilled trade is for months, then it is advisable to enter into agreements and write down all the necessary details so that both the parties are at a win-win situation. We will make sure that if a person is engaging into skill trade through our website, then the deal is closed from both the parties. This business has proved to be quite essential in the past and it will be quite helpful to industries also. There comes a time in an organisation when individuals approach their retiring age and the human resource personnel have not found a suitable candidate as a replacement of this person, at this point of time they can search the candidates using the website and their work will be done while searching for the appropriate candidate, this could be done in exchange for work/industry exposure/experience. For instance, a law student might find this extremely beneficial to get a foot in the door by offering work in exchange for industry experience. Macro Environmental Analysis The macro economic factors or the environmental factors are external for firms. These are the factors that are not under the direct control of firms and leaders. The key tools for macro environmental factors can be discussed as: The PESTLE analysis is a powerful too that could be used to assess the external factors. It is important to mention that PESTLE analysis is generally applied at industry level and not at the company level. The various factors of PESTLE analysis for online bartering industry can be discussed as: Political Legal: It would be correct to say that the political and legal factors are positive for the e bartering business. The Australian government has created a good platform for startups. Moreover, government wants that more and more job opportunities should be created. Therefore, there would be minimal legal challenges for Skill Trader. Economical: The economic factors are also positive for this industry. In fact, the end consumers want more and more options. The globalization has increased the demands of the best quality of services at the affordable price ranges and it is, therefore, much importance to assist the clients with the satisfactory services as this will bring out positive outcomes with great results for the association Social: The social factors can also be termed as positive for this industry. The people or the end consumers want to collaborate with each other so that a sustainable society and business model could be developed. As per the changing trends all through the different areas of the market segments, the needs for the latest and innovative services have significantly increased and thus, the demands for the adaptation of this canvas business model has increased as it fulfills the needs and the desired of the clients (Zheng Xue, 2009). Technological: It is correct that there would be technological challenges to create a responsive website of this sort. However, there is no shortage of talent in Australian market. There should not be much of the problem to get the best engineers and graphic designers from the market that can create this subtle website (Chapman, 2011). Environmental: This business model does not create any harm to environment. Therefore, it can be said that environmental factors are positive in this case. Porter Five Forces Analysis The Porter Five Forces analysis is also a powerful too that is used to assess the existing competition in the industry (Walker, 2004). The five forces as per the Porter model can be discussed as below: Threat of new entrants: The threat of new entrants is high in this industry segment. The underlying product is the technological product and it does not need any huge initial investment. Therefore, there would be more and entrepreneurs entering the industry. The other entrepreneurs would want to enter the industry if it appears profitable. Threat of substitutes: The threat of substitutes is moderate to high in this industry. There are no direct substitutes for this business model. However, the customers can anyways decide not to trade on the website. Bargaining power of customers: The entire business model is based on customers and end-consumers. Therefore, it can be said that the bargaining power of customers is high in this industry segment. Managing the relationship with the different consumers is one of the crucial responsibilities of the firm as it affects the mental level of the clients (Walker, 2004). Bargaining power of suppliers: The bargaining power of suppliers is also high in this industry. The strength of this business model lies on the interaction between suppliers and consumers. Therefore, it is the mutual relationship between these two parties that would eventually be useful for the business (Steven, 2003). Industry rivalry: The existing industry rivalry is low in the business. This is due to the fact that there are limited players in the market. The industry rivalry might increase with the more players in the market. Micro analysis Unlike macro analysis, the micro analysis is done at the firm level. The micro analysis would include consumer analysis and competitor analysis. The individual factors under micro analysis can be discussed as: It would be correct to say that end consumer is at the core of this business model. The relationship with the customer needs to be improved as to completely satisfy them with the offerings of the products along with services. There is the vital scope for self-service to the entire customers with the use of this website. This will help in utilizing the time of the customers and will retain them towards the business. Setting up of the customer care will provide effective and reliable services to all the customers (Buckley, 2013). Identification of the different target market segments for the different clients are crucial as this will offer satisfactory services as peer the change in trend throughout the market segments. The customers can be reached through e-mail, channels, websites and social media to draw their attention towards the firm. This consists of the mass markets, segmented markets, niche markets, diversity and the multi-sided platforms (Zook, 2014). The customer market segments are an important component as it provides the actual view regarding the needs and the demands of the clients within the targeted market segments. The customer relationship is another important component which has been selected to provide unmatched service to the clients for retaining them within the firm (Makarov, 2015). Competitor analysis The existing competition is limited in the market. There are not much of the players in the market that provide this services. The majority of startups have a high failure rate due to which finding investors becomes a cumbersome task (Ryall, 2010). This can be alleviated by this idea being introduced to friends and family at the very early stages, further, to minimize cost spend, the website could be initially advertised on free and minimum cost advertising platforms. Once the website starts getting hits, it will be automatically come up in the rating and on the other hand, the best way to advertise any upcoming venture is by word of mouth (Adams, 2014). It is important that the startup should be able to bridge the gap and make competitors irrelevant. Challenges and Opportunities There are various strengths and weaknesses of this idea and at the same time there exists various opportunities in the market that the company should assess. The SWOT analysis for the company can be discussed as: STRENGTHS The idea of bartering is unique The underlying innovation behind the idea The technological advantages of product (McDonald, 2014) WEAKNESSES It is not possible to set the benchmarks No previous organizational development experience Limited funding (at this moment) Limited knowledge of market CHALLENGES Dynamic Australian market Changing consumers preferences Absence of market benchmarking Absence of external support External factors like government intervention, licensing, etc. OPPORTUNITIES Opportunity to tap the unexplored market To emerge as first mover in this segment To generate huge commissions with each transaction on the website To get customer share of mind and share of profit Conclusion It can be said that this business model could be successful if it has the support of various stakeholders. The collection of the preferred resources such as intellectual resources, physical resources, human resources and the customer relationship resources are crucial as this assists in enhancing the effectiveness of the complete business. The resources are the most significant assets of the firm. For the proposed business, there are some of the vital partners as to execute the business they are website developers, graphic designers, software developers and the web designers. The role of the key partners is to improve the overall performance of the firm and to increase the rate of productivity. For this business, the role of graphic designers and the other web designers are very crucial as they help to increase the efficiency and reliability of the website which is going to be used for the business procedure. References Adams, M. (2014). Latest Developments in Officers Duties of SMEs.Journal of Business Systems, Governance Ethics, 6(3). Buckley, M. (2013). On the Essential Nature of Business. Business Ethics Journal Review, pp.92-98. Chapman, R. (2011).Simple tools and techniques for enterprise risk management. Chichester, England: Wiley. Choudhry, M. (2010).Capital market instruments. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Davis, B. (2013).Managing business analysis services. Plantation, FL: J. Ross Publishing. Desbordes, M. (2013). Latest sponsorship strategies and the need for research.International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 14(3), pp.1-1. Fabozzi, F., and Markowitz, H. (2011). The theory and practice of investment management. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Gallagher, R. (2009).How to tell anyone anything. New York: American Management Association. Hox, J. (2010).Multilevel analysis. New York: Routledge. Kendrick, R. (2010).Cyber Risks for Business Professionals. Ely: IT Governance Pub. McDonald, M., Mouncey, P. and Maklan, S. (2014).Marketing Value Metrics. London: Kogan Page. Makarov, I. and Plantin, G. (2015). Rewarding Trading Skills without Inducing Gambling. The Journal of Finance, 70(3), pp.925-962. Psaltopoulos, D., Stathopoulou, S. and Skuras, D. (2005). The Location of Markets, Perceived Entrepreneurial Risk, and Start-up Capital of Micro Rural Firms. Small Bus Econ, 25(2), pp.147-158. Ryall, M. (2010).Bridge management. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann. Steven Chang, T. and Ping Li, P. (2003). How to succeed in e?business by taking the haier road: formulating e?business strategy through network building. Competitiveness Review, 13(2), pp.34-45. Walker, E. (2004). What Success Factors are Important to Small Business Owners?. International Small Business Journal, 22(6), pp.577-594. Zheng, N. and Xue, J. (2009).Statistical learning and pattern analysis for image and video processing. New York: Springer. Zook, E. (2014). Effective Leadership Promotes Perioperative Success. AORN Journal, 100(1), pp.4-7.

The Struggle of Good vs. Evil in J.R.R. Tolkien’s the Lord of the Rings Trilogy Essay Example

The Struggle of Good vs. Evil in J.R.R. Tolkien’s the Lord of the Rings Trilogy Paper The Struggle of Good vs. Evil in J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings Trilogy J. R. R. Tolkien is one of the most influential fantasy writers of all time. He has been referred to as the â€Å"father† of modern fantasy literature. Tolkien was an English writer, poet, philologist, and a professor at Oxford University. He has written The Hobbit, The Silmarillion, the famous Lord of the Rings trilogy, and more. The Lord of the Rings has inspired literature, artwork, music, film, videogames, and television. In The Lord of the Rings trilogy, Tolkien suggests that the ends do not justify the means. J. R. R. Tolkien was born on January 3rd 1892, the child of Arthur and Mabel Tolkien. Arthur Reuel Tolkien was 31 years old when he proposed to 18 year old Mabel Suffield. She gladly accepted, but her father was not too happy. He thought Mabel was too young to be married, so the wedding was put off for a few years. In 1891, the two finally got married. Mabel’s father was not pleased, he didn’t think the Tolkien family was good enough for the respectable Suffield family, but he gave the couple his blessing. Arthur’s banking business in England was not doing well, so he decided to move to the city Bloemfontein, South Africa because it would be more profitable. Mabel wasn’t too thrilled about the move. In a letter to her family she called Bloemfontein a Owlin Wilderness! Horrid Waste! (Doughan). They would end up staying there for a while. Arthur Tolkien wrote the following to his mother on January 4th, 1892: My dear Mother, I have good news for you this week. Mabel gave me a beautiful little son last night (3 January). It was rather before time, but the baby is strong and well and Mabel has come through wonderfully. We will write a custom essay sample on The Struggle of Good vs. Evil in J.R.R. Tolkien’s the Lord of the Rings Trilogy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Struggle of Good vs. Evil in J.R.R. Tolkien’s the Lord of the Rings Trilogy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Struggle of Good vs. Evil in J.R.R. Tolkien’s the Lord of the Rings Trilogy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The baby is (of course) lovely. It has beautiful hands and ears (very long fingers), very light hair, Tolkien eyes and very distinctly a Suffield mouth. In general effect immensely like a very fair edition of its Aunt Mabel Mitton. When we first reached Dr Stollreither yesterday he said it was a false alarm and told the nurse to go home for a fortnight but he was mistaken and I fetched him again about eight and then he stayed till 12. 40 when we had a whiskey to drink luck to the boy. The boys first name will be John after its grandfather, probably John Ronald Reuel altogether. Mab wants to call it Ronald and I want to keep up John and Reuel†¦ â€Å"J. R. R. Tolkien :: Biography† So, J. R. R. Tolkien was born on January 3rd. Even though his first name was John, nearly everyone called him Ronald. South Africa could be a challenging place for a young boy to grow up. When Ronald was very young, he was bitten by a tarantula. Later on, giant spiders appeared in his writings (Tolkien, J. R. R. Fun Facts and Information). Mabel still hated living in South Africa. The Tolkien family planned a trip to go back to England, but Ronald’s brother, Hilary Arthur Reuel was born, so they stayed in South Africa for a while. Once they planned to go back to England again, Arthur got ill and said he would meet the rest of the family when he got better. Around Christmas time, the Tolkiens heard that Arthur had contracted rheumatic fever and he would have to stay in South Africa even longer. On February 14th, 1896, Arthur suffered a severe hemorrhage, and died the next day. Mabel decided to move with the two boys to a cheap cottage in Sarehole, and home school them until they were old enough to attend King Edward‘s school. Tolkien learned how to read when he was 4 years old, and soon he learned to write very well. He loved learning languages. Since he loved anything having to do with words, his mother gave him loads of books to read. His favorites were Red Indian books, Arthurian legends, George MacDonalds Curdie books, and the Red Fairy Book. When Tolkien was young, the little money being sent from Mabel’s father stopped because the family switched to Roman Catholicism. Tolkien was accepted at King Edward’s when he was eight years old. Everything was going fine until Mabel was diagnosed with diabetes in 1904. By the summer, she was able to leave the hospital. Father Francis helped the family so they could stay at a clerical country retreat house. In November, Mabel collapsed into a diabetic coma, and died on the 14th. Ronald and Hilary were now orphans. Father Francis chose who the boys should live with. He had to make sure he chose carefully because most of their family were Protestant. Father Francis chose their aunt Beatrice Suffield to be their caretaker. She had no religious affiliation. While living with their aunt, Tolkien began to study more languages. Since he knew Greek and Latin, it gave him the opportunity to study Anglo-Saxon. He reads beowulf, which was one of his favorite stories. Tolkien really loved philology, the study of words. He began to make up his own languages with his cousins. The first language they made up was called â€Å"Nevbosh. † Tolkien wanted to make a language with â€Å"Greek-style† words. He borrowed a few of Father Francis’s Spanish books, and the next language he came up with was â€Å"Naffarin,† which was heavily influenced by Spanish. Tolkien decided to go even further, and create a whole new alphabet to create a new language called â€Å"private lang. † Father Francis thought that the boys were unhappy living with their aunt, so he sent them to live with another woman named Mrs. Faulkner. There was another border at the house that Father Francis was unaware of, a 19 year old girl named Edith Bratt. She was three years older than Tolkien, and they ended up falling in love. Once Father Francis heard about the two, he forbade Tolkien to see her. Tolkien wasn’t rebellious, and he also depended on Father Francis for financial support, so he agreed. During this time Tolkien was trying to get into Oxford University. He was distracted from working on his â€Å"private lang† and thinking about Edith, so he didn’t get in. In his diary, on January 1st, 1910, he wrote Depressed and as much in dark as ever. God help me. Feel weak and weary (qtd in Doughan). Shortly after, Tolkien and Edith decided to meet secretly. Father Francis heard about their meeting, and banned Tolkien from seeing her until he turned 21. Tolkien concentrated on his studies to get his mind off of Edith. In December he was ready to retake the Oxford scholarship exam. This time, he was accepted. During his first year of studies, Tolkien was very interested in Germanic literature and Comparative Philology. One of his professors thought he would be interested in the Welsh language, and recommended that he study it. On January 3rd, 1913, Tolkien finally turned 21. He was now free from the ban of seeing or talking to Edith. He wrote a letter to Edith on his birthday asking her to marry him. In her reply letter, Edith said she was already engaged to marry her friend’s brother. Tolkien met Edith at a train station and convinced her to break off the engagement and marry him instead. She said the only reason she was going to marry the other guy was because she knew no other eligible young men except Tolkien, whom she thought didn’t love her anymore. Tolkien told Father Francis about their engagement, and he gave the couple his blessing. Edith converted from the Church of England to Roman Catholicism for Tolkien. It was now 1914, and World War 1 was starting. Tolkien wasn’t too thrilled about going to war, but a few close friends were enlisted, and he heard it might be possible for them to be in the same regiment, or even the same battalion. So Tolkien enlisted, and attended army drills. In 1915, he passed his final exams. After getting his degree, he had to take up duties of being second lieutenant. He wasn’t with his friends as he hoped, and everyday was depressing. He ended up being appointed battalion signaling officer. Before the battalion went off to France, Edith and Tolkien got married on March 22nd, 1916. They went on their honeymoon, but Tolkien had to leave England very soon after to fight in France. Once Tolkien arrived in France, he realized his whole army kit was missing, and he had a lot of problems with borrowing and buying replacements. He spent writing poetry and listening to seagulls pass by. Tolkien always remained uninjured for the duration of his service. He received a letter from his good friend Christopher Wallace that their friend Gilson had died. Tolkien had caught trench fever, and was sent back to Edith in England. He received news from Christopher again, about the death of their friend Geoffrey Bache Smith. G. B. Smith’s last words to Tolkien were â€Å"May you say the things I have tried to say long after I am not there to say them† (J. R. R. Tolkien :: Biography). These words inspired Tolkien. He began to think about mythology and the languages he created. He never liked the fact that England had no true mythology, and he decided he would create one. He began to write â€Å"The Book of Lost Tales† which would end up being The Silmarillion. On November 16th, 1917, John Francis Reuel Tolkien was born. He was named after Father Francis, and of course Tolkien. The Tolkien family moved to Oxford after the war finished. Tolkien started working for the New English Dictionary. He found learning about words very interesting, but he thought the alphabet he came up with, The Alphabet of Rumil,† was thrilling. In 1924, Tolkien became Professor of English Language. He also took the position of the Anglo-Saxon chair at Oxford. Also that year, his 3rd son, Christopher Reuel Tolkien, was born in November. On May 11th, 1926, at a meeting of the English Faculty at Merton College, Tolkien met Clive Staples Lewis, most commonly known as C. S. Lewis. C. S. Lewis wrote his first impression of J. R. R. Tolkien in his diary. He wrote, A smooth, pale, fluent little chap. No harm in him: only needs a smack or so (Armstrong). Tolkien and C. S. Lewis would end up becoming lifelong friends. Three years later, Tolkien’s fourth and last child, Priscilla Mary Tolkien, was born. One day while grading exam papers, Tolkien noticed that One of the candidates had mercifully left one of the pages with no writing on it (which is the best thing that can possibly happen to an examiner). I wrote on it: In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit. Names always generate a story in my mind. Eventually I thought Id better find out what hobbits were like. But thats only the beginning (qtd in Doughan). This would be the start of The Hobbit. He worked on it for a while, but by 1936, he abandoned it. He couldn’t figure out how to end the story. The publishers Allen Unwin said they would publish the book if he could write a proper ending. The Hobbit was published on September 21, 1937. The book was a hit. C. S. Lewis complimented Tolkien by saying, All who love that kind of childrens book which can be read and re-read by adults should take note that a new star has appeared in this constellation (qtd in Armstrong). In December, Tolkien started to write another story about hobbits, continuing where The Hobbit left off. He referred to his epic as The Lord of the Rings. He stopped working on it for a while to serve as air raid warden duty on and off during World War 2. He started working on it again, but began to avoid C. S. Lewis. He would harshly criticize The Lord of the Rings at times, and Tolkien thought C. S. Lewis’s The Chronicles of Narnia were ridiculous (Gilsdorf). Tolkien was also a little frustrated that it was so easy for C. S. Lewis to write nearly a book a year, while he was still struggling to finish his book. Finally after 12 years, The Lord of the Rings was finished. He sent it to C. S. Lewis for his opinion, and he said, â€Å"There are many passages I could wish you had written otherwise or omitted altogether, but he also said the work, is almost unequalled in the whole range of narrative art known to me (qtd in J. R. R. Tolkien :: Biography). Tolkien needed to find a publisher for the book. He didn’t want to use Allen Unwin publishing again because they gave him a lot of problems when publishing The Silmarillion. He decided to go with Collins Publishing. Everything was going great, until Collins said the book was too long and it needed cutting. Tolkien now had no other choice but to use Allen Unwin. He decided to split the book into three parts. Once the books were published, they were a hit. The Lord of the Rings was a best-seller. Once it reached America, it got many student fans. Students at Yale University bought the books faster than The Lord of the Flies, and at Harvard, it overtook The Catcher in the Rye. Frodo Lives and Gandalf for President were popular slogans, and J. R. R. Tolkien is Hobbit-forming appeared as graffiti. Tolkien’s fandom was getting too hectic, so he and Mabel decided to move about 2 miles away from Oxford. After the move, officially retired. On November 22nd, 1963, C. S. Lewis died. Tolkien didn‘t write anything for his obituary, but he wrote to his daughter Priscilla, This feels like an axe-blow near the roots (qtd in J. R. R. Tolkien :: Biography). When Edith was 82, she got very sick. She was taken to a hospital, suffering from an inflamed gallbladder, and died on Monday, November 29th, 1971. Tolkien was heartbroken. He was very lonely after Edith’s death. Later on, Tolkien had an acute bleeding gastric ulcer, and was rushed to the hospital on August 31st, 1973. The next day a chest infection had developed. John Ronald Reuel Tolkien died, September 2nd, early Sunday morning, at age eighty-one. He left his legacy of amazing books. In The Lord of the Rings, the Dark Lord Sauron forged the One Ring in the fires of Mount Doom thousands of years ago. He used the One Ring to control the leaders of Middle Earth. During a battle, King Islidur cut off Sauron’s finger, separating him from the Ring. This destroyed the Dark Lord (his soul still remained) and Islidur kept the Ring as his own. Islidur ended up losing the Ring in a river until a creature called Gollum found it and kept it for hundreds of years. One day Bilbo Baggins, a hobbit from The Shire, found the Ring. After being in exile for 2,500 years, Sauron has returned to Mordor. He started to build an army, trying to find the One Ring. The story starts off with Bilbo Baggins having the Ring, and leaving it to Frodo, his second cousin once removed. Their wizard friend Gandalf is suspicious of the ring and finds out that it is the One Ring and that Sauron’s Ringwraiths are coming to the Shire to search for it. Gandalf convinced Frodo to leave The Shire immediately. Frodo’s gardener Samwise Gamgee, and a pair of cousins Merry and Pippin, leave with Frodo. Frodo must destroy the Ring, and the only way to do that is to take it to Mount Doom, where it was forged. Over the course of the books, the hobbits are constantly being hunted by Sauron’s followers. They are helped by elves, men, and a dwarf. At the end of the book, Frodo makes it to Mordor, and destroys the Ring in the fires of Mount Doom. Sauron and the Ringwraiths disappear and Aragon becomes king at last. In The Lord of the Rings trilogy, Tolkien suggests that the ends do not ustify the means. Tolkien wants us to learn that we must stay pure, and not lower our standards just because we are fighting for the greater good. In the trilogy, the One Ring is pure evil. It corrupts anyone who has it in their possession. In The Fellowship of the Ring, the elf Elrond said: We cannot use the Ruling Ring. That we now know too well. It belongs to Sauron and was made by him alone, and is altogether evil. Its strength, Boromir, is too great for anyone to wield at will, save only those who have already a great power of their own. But for them it holds an even deadlier peril. The very desire of it corrupts the heart. â€Å"Tolkien 241† It appears that the character Frodo is just like any other ordinary hobbit. His heart is what sets him apart from the other hobbits, and also from the other races of Middle-earth. Frodo’s heart is pure and incorruptible. Frodo was able to bear the Ring without giving in to its powers. The Ring seemed to tempt every other member in the Fellowship, no matter how good and pure they are. In The Fellowship of the Ring, Frodo tried to make Gandalf take the Ring from him. Frodo said that he was wise and powerful, so he should take it. ’No! ’ cried Gandalf, springing to his feet. ’With that power I should have power too great and terrible. And over me the Ring would gain a power still greater and more deadly’† (Tolkien 60). Gandalf is a very pure and good wizard, but even he knows he will give in to the evil of the Ring. Sam Gamgee is probably the most loyal character in the trilogy. Towards the end of The Return of the King, Frodo becomes very weak and exhausted. Sam is the only reason why Frodo made it all the way to the end. Even though Sam is such a loyal and pure character, he is still tempted by the Ring. In The Return of the King, when Frodo was captured by the orcs, Sam took the Ring from him because he thought Frodo was dead. He says: But you’re in the land of Mordor now, sir; and when you get out, you’ll see the Fiery Mountain and all. You’ll find the Ring very dangerous now, and very hard to bear. If it’s too hard a job, I could share it with you, maybe? â€Å"Tolkien 890† When he rescued Frodo, Sam hesitated to give the Ring back to him, which makes it clear that Sam is affected by the power of the Ring. In The Fellowship of the Ring, while Frodo was resting, he had a feeling unfriendly eyes were watching him. When he turned around it was Boromir, his face smiling and kind. Boromir begins to talk about how he wants the Ring and could use it for good for his people. He says, ‘True-hearted Men, they will not be corrupted. ’ When Frodo begins to disagree with his plan, he say: I am a true man, neither thief nor tracker. I need your Ring: that you know now; but I give you my work that I do not desire to keep it. Will you let me make trial of my plan? Lend me the Ring! â€Å"Tolkien 390† Frodo refuses to give up the Ring, angering Boromir. He says: ’How it angers me! Fool! Obstinate fool! Running willfully to death and ruining our cause. If any mortals have claim to the Ring, it is the men of Numenor, and not Halflings. It is not yours save by unhappy chance. It might have been mine. It should be mine. Give it to me! ’ â€Å"Tolkien 390† Boromir then leaped at Frodo trying to snatch the Ring. Once Frodo got further away from Boromir, Boromir realizes what he just said and did, and breaks down apologizing to Frodo. Being near the Ring corrupted Boromir greatly. He wanted to use the Ring to fight against Sauron. Using the Ring would have made Boromir evil and corrupt. In The Lord of the Rings, there is a major difference between the good and the bad characters. Sauron and the orcs are evil, while for example the members in the Fellowship are good. The characters are either good or bad, with no grey area in between. The only character who struggles between the two, is Gollum. Gollum was once a good hobbit named Smeagol. On a fishing trip with his friend, he came across the Ring. He wanted it so badly that he killed his friend. It was just like Gandalf had said, â€Å"’For nothing is evil in the beginning. Even Sauron was not soâ€Å" (Tolkien 261). He became so absorbed in the Ring, that over time, he became Gollum. Gollum and Smeagol often struggle with each other. â€Å"The character Gollum shows the good vs. evil struggle within himself. Gollum started out good, but felt the power of the ring and turned evil. Throughout the book you see him struggle between serving Frodo (good) and possessing the ring (evil)† (Fair). Smeagol loves Frodo and wants to help him, and Gollum loves the Ring so much that he is willing to kill again. Whenever Gollum had quiet time to himself, he debated with himself. We needs it. Must have the precious. They stole it from us. Sneaky little hobbitses, wicked, tricksy, false. No, not master . . . Master’s my friend. You don’t have any friends. Nobody likes you. Not listening. I’m not listening. You’re a liar. And a thief. Murderer. Go away. . . . I hate you. . . . Leave now and never come back â€Å"Tolkien 620† In this particular debate that happened in The Two Towers, Smeagol won, but most of the time Gollum wins, like in this debate: ’But there’s two of them. They’ll wake too quick and kill us,’ whined Smeagol in a last effort. ’Not now. Not yet. ’ ’We wants it! But’ -and here there was a long pause, as if a new thought had weakened. Not yet, eh? Perhaps not. She might help. She might help, yes. ’ No, no! Not that way! ’ wailed Smeagol. ’Yes! We wants it! We wants it! â€Å"Tolkien 619† The character Gollum shows how powerful the Ring can be. J. R. R. Tolkien was one of the most influent ial fantasy writers. In The Lord of the Rings trilogy he wanted to stress the importance of staying good and pure no matter what life throws at you. The One Ring represented all of the evil and temptation in the world. The character Frodo Baggins was the only one in all of Middle-earth who could bear the Ring without giving into its temptation of power. Frodo could have taken the easy way out, and used the Ring like any other character would have, but instead he stayed pure and incorruptible. Works Cited Armstrong, Chris. J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis: A Legendary Friendship | Christian History. ChristianityToday. com | Magazines, News, Church Leadership Bible Study. 8 Aug. 2008. Web. 09 Jan. 2011. . Doughan, David. J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biographical Sketch. The Tolkien Society. Web. 7 Jan. 2011. . Fair, Kay. Analyzing The Lord of the Rings: Good Vs. Evil. Associated Content from Yahoo! Associatedcontent. com. Web. 09 Jan. 2011. . Gilsdorf, Ethan. J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis: A Literary Friendship and Rivalry Made in Oxford LiteraryTraveler. com. Literary Traveler, Literary Tours, Travel Writing, Travel Literature, Ereaders, EBooks, Travel, HemingwayLiteraryTraveler. com. Web. 09 Jan. 2011. . J. R. R. Tolkien :: Biography. Arwen-Undomiel. com :: Dedicated to J. R. R. Tolkiens Lord of the Rings ::. Web. 07 Jan. 2011. . Tolkien, John R. R. The Lord of the Rings [one Volume Edition with the Index and Appendices]. London: HarperCollins, 1995. Print. Tolkien, J. R. R. Fun Facts and Information. Fun Trivia Quizzes Worlds Largest Trivia and Quiz Site! Web. 09 Jan. 2011. .

Shinto and its relationship with China and Buddhism

Shinto and its relationship with China and Buddhism Buddhism and Shinto are religions which are largely practiced in the South East Asia and other countries such as India, Sri Lanka, Japan, China, South and North Korea among other countries within and outside the region. The origin of these two religions dates back to about 2,500 years (Ellwood and Pilgrim 4). The Buddhist religion and its practices such as meditation way of the religion have continued to spread across many parts of the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Shinto and its relationship with China and Buddhism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Shinto practices have existed for several centuries and are common among the Buddhists. Shinto is a term used to describe a set of indigenous spirituality practices of the Japanese. The earliest records of the Shinto practices were made in the 8th century. These records are found in The Record of Ancient Things, 712 (Kojiki) as well as The Chronicles of Japan, 72 0 (Nihon Shoki). The practices are conducted to connect the Japanese people to their ancient past. Today, the term is generally used to refer to public shrines which are used for harvest festivals and war memorials among other religious practices. The word Shinto which means way of the gods (Sokyo 2) is derived from Chinese words shà ©n do. These two words are combined so that they produce â€Å"shin† and â€Å"tÃ… Ã¢â‚¬ . â€Å"Shin† means kami; which refers to innate supernatural force which includes deities, spirits, as well as, essences which occur in many forms and may exist in human-like or animistic form or in abstract natural forces (Ellwood and Pilgrim 7; and Sokyo 2). Kami can sometimes be associated with lightning, mountains, trees, wind among other natural forces. â€Å"tÃ… Ã¢â‚¬  in Chinese means a philosophical path or could also mean a philosophical study (Sokyo 2). Thus, Shinto generally means ways, beliefs and practices adopted by the Japanese p eople to worship kami. The origin of Shinto was influenced by the Japanese contacts with the Chinese religions. For example, the term itself is of Chinese origin. Besides, the codification of its mythology was done in such a way that it responds to the Chinese influence. Most mythology applied in Shinto practices were acquired from Chinese doctrines. As a result, both religions have had an influence on each other. Most people who practice Shinto rituals especially in Japan also profess Buddhism. In both faiths, one does not have to identify with a particular faith to be a believer. This means that many people who practice Shinto rituals are also Buddhists and vise versa. This includes the Chinese people who live in Japan and even those who live in China. Because of this, it is difficult to distinguish between Buddhist and Shinto beliefs regarding the world as both have greatly influenced Japanese religious culture. Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's s ee if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While Shinto beliefs emphasize what happens while one is still alive, which is finding happiness in life, Buddhism puts emphasis on life after death (Herbert 17). Thus, although the two religions have varied perspectives on the world, they have continued to co-exist. Accordingly, it is not unusual to find people who engage in Shinto practices in life being accorded Buddhist funeral. Japanese have had an affiliation with both Shinto and Buddhism religions. Shinto religion has its origin in China and Chinese religions; however, the two religions have been blended together in practice even though have distinct differences. As such, those who identify with the two religions have continued to engage in practices of the Buddhist and Shinto faiths either knowingly or unknowingly. Ellwood, Robert and Pilgrim, Richard. Japanese Religion, 1st edition. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc., 1985. Pr int. Herbert, Jean. Shinto: At the fountainhead of Japan. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1967. Print. Sokyo, Ono. Shinto: The Kami Way, 1st edition. Rutland, VT: Charles E Tuttle Co., 1962. Print.